News & Insights

Astragal bars are a modern take on the traditional glazing bars found in period sash windows. Historically, glazing bars were a necessity of the time when glassmakers couldn’t produce large panes, so smaller pieces of glass were fitted into a wooden frame and held in place by these bars. This not only made windows more practical but also created the iconic grid-like appearance we now associate with Georgian and Victorian homes.

Today, astragal bars replicate that classic look but with modern efficiency. Instead of holding separate panes, they are fixed to the inside and outside of a double-glazed unit, dividing a single pane into sections. This delivers the same timeless, heritage style while ensuring easier manufacturing, better energy performance, and simpler installation.

Astragal bars are made from materials such as uPVC, timber, or metal and can either be adhered to the glass surface or integrated into the window frame. They are available in a range of styles, including Georgian, Victorian, and Edwardian, allowing homeowners to match the architectural character of their property.

Georgian glazing bars: a historical perspective

Georgian glazing bars are named after the Georgian period (1714–1830) in British architecture. At that time, large sheets of glass were expensive and difficult to manufacture, so windows were divided into smaller sections using timber glazing bars.

In true Georgian-period windows, glazing bars were structural timber dividers holding many small panes. Today, when people say “Georgian bars,” they usually mean the internal decorative bars inside a double-glazed unit, not structural dividers.

Characterised by slim, elegant profiles arranged in grid patterns, Georgian glazing bars required regular maintenance to prevent decay. Despite their fragility, they became a defining feature of symmetry and elegance in 18th- and early 19th-century homes.

Astragal Bars vs. Georgian Bars: What’s the Real Difference?

Astragal bars and Georgian bars are both used to recreate the look of period multi-pane windows while using one sealed double-glazed unit. This keeps the classic aesthetic without building a window from many small panes.

How modern Georgian bars work

Georgian bars sit inside the sealed unit, between the two panes of glass. From the outside, the glass surface stays smooth, which also makes it easier to clean.

How Astragal bars work

Astragal bars use a combination: a matching spacer grid inside the sealed unit plus raised bars that are applied to the outside faces of the glass. This creates the depth and shadow lines of small, individual panes and gives a more authentic period look. Because there are extra components and fitting steps, astragal-bar windows typically cost more than those with internal Georgian bars only.

What’s similar about both

• Both approaches achieve the traditional style using one modern glazed unit (cost-saving vs. true small panes).

• When paired with contemporary window systems (e.g., uPVC frames and standard double glazing), neither option reduces energy efficiency, and both can be specified with modern security features.

• Either can suit a wide range of homes; astragal bars are often preferred for a more traditionally accurate look, and either may be acceptable in conservation areas, subject to approval.

Key differences at a glance

• Placement: Georgian = internal bars only; Astragal = external applied bars + internal spacer grid.

• Cleaning: Georgian leaves a flat, smooth outer surface; astragal has raised external bars to clean around.

• Look: Astragal gives the most convincing “individual panes” effect.

 

The role of astragal bars in modern architecture

Astragal bars are an ideal solution for homeowners and architects seeking to combine traditional aesthetics with modern performance. They are particularly valuable in conservation areas, where planning regulations often require period-appropriate window designs. By using Astragal bars, property owners can maintain a heritage appearance without compromising on energy efficiency, security, or durability.

Customisable patterns

Astragal bars aren’t limited to classic Georgian grids. Homeowners can choose from cross, colonial, diamond, or bespoke patterns, allowing windows to reflect the heritage of the property or complement a more contemporary design. This flexibility makes it easy to match Astragal bars to your home’s architectural style.

Enhanced security with modern Astragal bar windows

Unlike historic glazing bars, which were purely structural and often vulnerable to forced entry, modern Astragal bars are fitted to high-performance double-glazed units. They are either integrated into the glass or bonded to the unit, creating a rigid surface that adds no weak points. Combined with modern locking systems, reinforced frames, and toughened or laminated glass, Astragal bar windows provide the classic multi-pane look while meeting today’s stringent security standards. Homeowners can enjoy period aesthetics without compromising safety or durability.

Suitability for conservation areas

Astragal bars are an ideal solution for properties in conservation areas. They recreate the period appearance required by planning regulations while benefiting from modern double or triple glazing. This means homeowners can maintain a heritage look without compromising energy efficiency, security, or durability.

Reduced condensation and improved comfort

Modern Astragal bar windows minimise condensation compared with traditional multi-pane windows. By maintaining a consistent thermal barrier, they help keep your home warmer in winter and cooler in summer, improving overall comfort and reducing damp-related issues.

Design your perfect period-style window with Fairco

Bring heritage elegance to your home with period-style windows designed to suit your property perfectly. Our experts at Fairco will guide you through material choices, Astragal bar styles, and custom finishes to achieve a timeless look without compromising modern performance.

Book a Fairco consultation today to create your bespoke period-style windows.

Sash windows are a timeless feature of architectural design, combining classic elegance with modern performance. Recognised by their distinctive sliding panels, known as sashes, they allow for smooth vertical or horizontal movement to control ventilation and light. Whether crafted in traditional timber or updated with advanced materials, sash windows offer a perfect balance of heritage charm and contemporary functionality. Beyond their graceful appearance, their design incorporates a range of specialist hardware and components that work together to ensure durability, ease of use, and lasting beauty.

The anatomy of a Sash Window

Let’s start with the parts you see and then move on to those working quietly behind the scenes.

Meeting Rail

The meeting rail is the horizontal section where the upper and lower sashes meet when the window is closed. In addition to completing the classic sash look, it plays a vital role in sealing against drafts and improving thermal efficiency. Modern meeting rails often incorporate weatherstripping or compression seals, ensuring a snug fit and reducing heat loss while maintaining the crisp, defined profile associated with traditional joinery.

Deep Cill

The cill (or sill) is the bottom horizontal ledge of the window frame, designed to shed water away from the building. A deep cill offers extra projection beyond the wall, which not only enhances period authenticity but also improves rainwater runoff and protects the building’s facade. Often crafted from hardwood or engineered timber with durable coatings, deep cills combine functional weather protection with architectural presence.

Putty

Putty is the traditional glazing compound used to bed glass securely into the sash frame. In heritage windows, linseed oil putty was common, offering a flexible seal that accommodated seasonal movement in timber. Modern sash windows may use glazing putty blends with improved weather resistance and paint adhesion while retaining the soft, moulded finish that suits period aesthetics. The correct application of putty is key to both the window’s performance and its authentic appearance.

Sash Horn

Sash horns are the small, curved or angular projections found at the lower corners of the top sash. Historically, they added structural integrity to large panes of glass when glazing technology limited pane size. Today, sash horns remain an important visual detail, helping new sash windows blend seamlessly into conservation areas or match existing heritage styles. They can be shaped to suit the architectural period, from subtle Georgian forms to more ornate Victorian profiles.

Astragal Bars

Astragal bars are applied to the surface of the glass to replicate the look of individual, smaller panes, which were once necessary before the production of large sheets of glass. In modern sash windows, they are often paired with back-to-back spacer bars inside the glazing unit, so the effect is authentic both inside and out. Astragal bars add depth, charm, and period accuracy while allowing you to benefit from the energy efficiency of a single, sealed glass unit.

Staff Bead

The staff bead is the internal trim that holds the sashes in place within the frame. Traditionally made of timber and fitted with a small chamfer or rounded edge, it’s removable to allow for maintenance or sash replacement. In modern designs, the staff bead often incorporates discreet draught-proofing strips, sealing the window against air leakage while preserving the original frame’s appearance.

 

The hardware that makes them work

Now, the details that matter every time you open or close a window:

Fasteners & Locks

Fasteners or sash fasteners secure the two sashes together, adding safety and draft resistance. They come in styles like quadrant, hook, or latch fasteners in finishes that complement your home. Some sashes include key-lockable sash locks or multi-point locking systems at the meeting rail for higher security

Handles & Lifts

You’ll find eye lifts, ring-shaped handles to raise the sash, finger lifts for a clean look, or pull handles for larger panes. These stay subtly in place but make a daily difference in usability

Tilt-In Functionality

High on convenience is the tilt-in feature, which allows you to swing the sash inward while cleaning from the inside. It’s especially helpful on upper stories and makes maintenance both safe and simple.

Double Hung and Single Hung

When choosing sash windows, the difference between single-hung and double-hung makes a real impact on usability. A single-hung window allows only the lower sash to move, while the upper sash remains fixed. A double-hung window lets both sashes operate independently. That added flexibility offers better ventilation, you can open the top sash to let warm air escape and the bottom to bring fresh air inside while also making cleaning easier, especially at higher levels.

Counterbalance & Movement

Older sash windows used hidden lead weights connected to the sashes by cords and pulleys to make lifting easy. Today’s mechanisms are more reliable and compact. Modern sash windows often use spiral or spring balances, or block-and-tackle systems, all concealed in the frame for a clean profile and smooth operation

These updated balances ensure your windows glide effortlessly and stay where you leave them.

Benefits of quality hardware

Feature	Benefit
Balanced sash movement	Easy opening and closing, lasting performance
Secure fasteners and locks	Enhanced safety and peace of mind
Tilt-in design	Clean both sides of the glass with ease
Durable materials and finishes	Low maintenance and long-term value

 

 

See it up close at Fairco

Modern sash windows retain that timeless appeal while offering real-world benefits. Explore Fairco’s Sash Windows range at our Santry or Deansgrange showrooms to feel that craftsmanship firsthand.

 

 

Your front door isn’t just a gateway to your home, it’s your first and fiercest line of defence. Rising burglary incidents in Ireland make this crystal clear: in the 12 months leading to Q3 2024, there were 9,981 burglary-related offences, a worrying 10% increase over the previous year. This surge highlights a vital reality: a home that appears secure isn’t always safe. That’s why investing in a refined yet formidable front door matters. Modern, fortified entrances equipped with strong frames, advanced locking mechanisms, and thoughtful design don’t just enhance kerb appeal; they act as powerful deterrents, protecting both property and peace of mind.

Reinforcement where it matters

Door materials and construction

A secure front door starts with the right structure. According to UK National Protective Security Authority (NPSA) report, modern steel-reinforced uPVC frames significantly increase both structural integrity and thermal performance. Reinforcement with a galvanised steel core converts flexible uPVC into a robust substrate for reliable weather sealing.

Composite doors like the OMNIA Flush system, featuring a solid core wrapped in glass-reinforced plastic (GRP), offer exceptional durability, high resistance to forced entry, and minimal maintenance. Tests summarised by the UK’s NPSA indicate composite doors resist forced entry similarly or better than traditional timber doors. They also offer long-term durability and thermal stability.

Aluminium doors, celebrated for their strength and slim profiles, perform exceptionally well, especially when reinforced and combined with RC3-rated security and multi-point locks. Patent-backed engineering research describes monolithic, welded door frame assemblies, which are highly resistant to forced entry, ballistic, or blast forces. While commercial, these designs inform modern aluminium systems that emphasise continuous frame construction for strength.

Beyond the core material, reinforcement around the frame and glazing panels ensures the entire system works as one strong barrier.

Reinforced frames

A strong door is only as good as the frame it sits in. Intruders often attempt to force entry by attacking the door frame rather than the door itself. Reinforced steel or composite frames dramatically reduce this risk by absorbing and distributing impact. For example, a study on fiber-reinforced-plastic (FRP) retrofitting of structural beams found that reinforcement under dynamic loading conditions greatly enhances durability and resistance to impact. By analogy, steel or composite reinforcements within door frames can similarly absorb and distribute force, substantially improving resistance to forced entry attempts.

Fairco’s doors are fitted with reinforced frames and strike plates, ensuring that locks and bolts stay secure under pressure.

Glazing with security glass

If your front door has glass panels, they should be made from laminated or toughened glass. Ordinary single-pane glass is easy to smash, but laminated glass has a protective interlayer that holds it together even when broken, making it far harder to gain entry. The use of laminated glass with polymer interlayers, such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ionoplast, has been rigorously tested to mitigate burglary and forced entry threats. A technical review from the GPD 2023 conference confirmed that security-level laminated glazing significantly delays intruder access while complying with EN and ASTM standards

Decorative glass can still be stylish while offering enhanced protection. Many modern doors combine frosted, patterned, or tinted laminated glass for both privacy and security.

Anti-lift and anti-jemmy hinges

Many homeowners focus on locks but forget about hinges. A poorly installed hinge can become a weak spot for intruders. That’s why anti-lift hinges are so important, they prevent the door from being lifted out of its frame, even if the hinge pins are tampered with.

Modern security hinges also feature concealed screws and reinforced plates, ensuring that the hinge side of the door is as strong as the lock side.

Advanced locking systems for maximum protection

Multi-point locking systems

One of the most effective features in a modern secure front door is a multi-point locking system. Instead of a single bolt, this system engages multiple locking points (usually three to five) along the height of the door when you turn the key or lift the handle. A 2021 research paper discusses the advantages of multi-point locks in terms of increased security and resistance to forced entry, making them a preferred choice for residential and commercial applications.

These locks distribute the pressure evenly, making it much harder for an intruder to force the door open by kicking or prying. Multi-point systems also improve weather-sealing, which means better insulation and less draught.

Deadbolts and cylinder locks

A deadbolt is a simple but powerful addition to your door’s security. Unlike a standard spring latch, which can sometimes be forced with a credit card or knife, a deadbolt extends deep into the doorframe and can only be operated with a key.

The best deadbolts are anti-snap and anti-pick rated, making them resistant to lock-picking or drilling. Combining a deadbolt with a multi-point locking system provides an excellent level of security.

Smart technology meets modern security

Modern access control

For homeowners looking for additional convenience, smart locks are becoming increasingly popular. These allow you to lock and unlock your door using a smartphone app, key card, or fingerprint scanner. Many also include activity logs, so you know exactly when the door was accessed.

When combined with traditional mechanical locks, smart technology provides both modern convenience and strong physical protection. Buyers increasingly expect these features, with homes featuring smart enhancements selling at a 3–5% premium across Europe.

Security standards and testing

Look for doors that meet recognised standards such as PAS 24. These certifications prove the product has been tested against forced entry techniques, ensuring that style doesn’t come at the cost of protection.

You can read more about PAS 24 certification here.  You can also follow us on our social media to stay up to date on the latest security facts.

 

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Weather-sealed & energy efficient

It’s worth noting that many of these features also enhance your home’s comfort and efficiency. Multi-point locks improve the door’s seal, reinforced frames prevent draughts, and laminated glass reduces heat loss. So when you invest in a secure door, you’re also investing in a warmer, quieter, and more efficient home.

Comfort, style, and peace of mind

A secure front door doesn’t mean compromising on aesthetics. Modern designs offer a wide choice of finishes, colours, and glazing options, all while integrating advanced locking systems and reinforced hardware. This means you can create a stylish entrance that complements your home while knowing it provides strong protection.

Practical tips for choosing a secure front door

• Always check for certification, such as PAS 24.

• Consider both the lock and the frame; one is only as strong as the other.

• If your home is in a conservation area, explore period-style secure options.

• Don’t forget the hinges; anti-lift and reinforced hinges are essential.

• For glazed doors, always choose laminated or toughened glass.

• An Garda Síochána advises homeowners to enhance security by using certified locks, installing quality doors and windows, and employing visible deterrents like lighting and alarms.

 

Choose security with confidence

At Fairco, our range of front doors is designed to give you both beauty and security. With multi-point locks, reinforced frames, advanced hinge technology, and energy-efficient designs, our doors keep your home safe without compromising on style.

Explore Fairco’s secure front door options today and find the perfect balance of elegance and peace of mind. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact us for your free consultation.

Choosing the right material for your windows and doors is a crucial decision that impacts both the appearance and functionality of your home. It’s not just about aesthetics; it’s about durability, energy efficiency, security, and long-term satisfaction. Each material, Performance uPVC, OMNIA Flush, and Aluminium, offer unique advantages that cater to different needs. Whether you are renovating a classic property, building a modern home, or upgrading your windows and doors, understanding these materials will help you make a confident, informed choice.

Investing in the right product pays off over time. It can enhance your living environment, reduce energy bills, and provide peace of mind knowing your home is safe, warm, and comfortable. Considering your priorities before making a decision makes the process much easier.

 

Understanding your options

 

Performance uPVC: reliable, low-maintenance, and energy efficient

Performance uPVC is a long-standing favourite for homeowners seeking dependable, practical solutions. Its strength and durability make it resistant to weather, fading, and general wear, while its low-maintenance properties mean you spend less time cleaning and more time enjoying your home. Fairco Performance uPVC products are thermally efficient, helping to reduce heat loss and maintain a comfortable indoor temperature.

A key advantage of uPVC is its cost-effectiveness without compromising on quality and performance. It suits a wide variety of home styles, from traditional terraced houses to contemporary apartments. The material’s flexibility allows for multiple finishes, so it can seamlessly match your home’s character. Performance uPVC also provides excellent security with robust locking systems, giving homeowners peace of mind.

Deep dive on Fairco Performance uPVC.

 

 

OMNIA Flush: sleek, modern, and high performance

OMNIA Flush represents the next step in modern window and door design. Its defining feature is the flush finish, meaning the window itself sits perfectly in line with the frame. This creates a clean, minimalist aesthetic that works beautifully in contemporary and architectural homes.

Beyond looks, OMNIA Flush delivers exceptional performance. Its engineering focuses on thermal efficiency, weatherproofing, and security. The high-performance profiles resist draughts and water ingress while helping to reduce energy bills. With enhanced security features and robust construction, these windows and doors offer peace of mind alongside visual appeal. One more important design feature of OMNIA Flush is its innovative construction, which allows faster fabrication and installation times.

OMNIA Flush is also versatile. Whether you want sliding doors that open up your garden views or flush windows that complement a modern interior, the system adapts to your needs without compromising on style or performance.

Deep dive on Fairco OMNIA Flush.

 

 

Aluminium: strong, slim, and customisable

Aluminium is a premium choice for those seeking sleek lines and large expanses of glass. Its strength allows for slimmer frames, maximising natural light and creating uninterrupted views. This is ideal for bi-folding doors, large sliding doors, or contemporary window designs where aesthetics are as important as performance.

Aluminium is highly durable, resistant to corrosion, and virtually maintenance-free. It is also extremely versatile, available in a broad palette of colours and finishes, including textured, anodised, and metallic options. These finishes ensure your windows and doors remain stylish and sophisticated for years. Aluminium also performs exceptionally well in energy efficiency, meeting rigorous U-values and insulation standards to keep homes warm while reducing energy costs.

Deep dive on Fairco Aluminium range.

 

 

Comparing performance and style

Each material offers its own balance of style, durability, and functionality. Performance uPVC is practical, cost-effective, and low-maintenance. OMNIA Flush provides a sleek, architectural finish with top-tier thermal and security performance. Aluminium excels in strength, slim profiles, and full customisation, allowing for larger openings and more light.

When comparing these options, consider the specific needs of your home. How important are maintenance and durability? Do you want a modern aesthetic or a classic appearance? Are you looking for maximum energy efficiency or the ability to create bold architectural statements? Evaluating these factors ensures you select the material that aligns with both your lifestyle and design vision.

What is a U-value, and why does it matter?

A U-value measures how well a material stops heat from passing through it; the lower the U-value, the better the insulation. It’s expressed in watts per square metre per degree Kelvin (W/m²K), meaning it calculates how much heat is lost through one square metre of a structure for every degree of temperature difference between inside and outside. In simple terms, a low U-value keeps your home warmer in winter, cooler in summer, and helps reduce energy bills. Below you can view a simple table of the best possible U-Values you could expect from Fairco Casement Windows from the relevant materials.

	Double-Glazed	Triple-Glazed
Performance uPVC	1.2 W/m²K	0.86 W/m²K
OMNIA Flush	1.2 W/m²K	0.75 W/m²K
Aluminium	1.2 W/m²K	0.77 W/m²K

 

Practical tips for making your decision

1. Match your home’s style: Think about your property’s architecture and which material complements it best.
2. Consider maintenance needs: Some materials require more upkeep than others. Choose what fits your lifestyle.
3. Factor in energy efficiency: Look for products that reduce heat loss and help cut annual energy costs.
4. Review security features: Ensure robust locking systems and high-quality materials protect your home.
5. Explore finishes and colours: Customisation can elevate the appearance of your windows and doors.
6. See products in person: Visiting a showroom helps you visualise how each material will look and feel in your home.

 

Customer experience matters

At Fairco, choosing your windows and doors is more than just picking a product. It is about a seamless customer journey from initial consultation to professional installation. Our team will guide you through every step, helping you choose the right material, style, and finish. We also provide expert installation, ensuring every window and door fits perfectly, operates smoothly, and looks flawless.

Every home is unique, and our approach reflects that. By listening to your needs and understanding your vision, we create solutions that enhance both the beauty and functionality of your space. The result is a home that feels lighter, more connected to the outdoors, and entirely yours.

Selecting the right material doesn’t have to be complicated. With guidance from our knowledgeable team, you can confidently choose between Performance uPVC, OMNIA Flush, and Aluminium.

Book a free consultation today and explore how Fairco windows and doors can transform your home in both style and performance.